NEW YORK A scary Monday that started with a plunge abroad reminiscent of 1987s crash swept around the world and pummeled Wall Street withmore steep losses,as fears worsened about aslowingU.S.economy.
The S&P 500 dropped 3% for its worst day in nearly two years. The Dow Jones Industrial Average reeled by 1,033 points, or 2.6%, while the Nasdaq composite slid 3.4%.
The drops were the latest in a global sell-off that began last week. Japans Nikkei 225 helped begin Monday by plunging 12.4% for its worst day since the Black Monday crash of 1987.
It was the first chance for traders in Tokyo to react to Fridays report showing U.S.employers slowed their hiringlast month by much more than economists expected. That was the latest piece of data on the U.S. economy to come inweaker than expected, and its all raised fear theFederal Reservehas pressed the brakes on the U.S. economy by too much for too long through highinterest ratesin hopes ofstifling inflation.
Professional investors cautioned that some technical factors could be amplifying the action in markets, and that the drops may be overdone, but the losses were still neck-snapping. South Koreas Kospi index careened 8.8% lower, and bitcoin dropped below $54,000 from more than $61,000 on Friday.
Even gold, which has a reputation for offering safety during tumultuous times, slipped about 1%.
Thats in part because traders began wondering if the damage has been so severe that the Federal Reserve will have to cut interest rates in an emergency meeting, before its next scheduled decision on Sept. 18. The yield on the two-year Treasury, which closely tracks expectations for the Fed, briefly sank below 3.70% during the morning from 3.88% late Friday and from 5% in April. It later recovered and pulled back to 3.89%.
The Fed could ride in on a white horse to save the day with a big rate cut, but the case for an inter-meeting cut seems flimsy, said Brian Jacobsen, chief economist at Annex Wealth Management. Those are usually reserved for emergencies, like COVID, and an unemployment rate of 4.3% doesnt really seem like an emergency.
Of course,the U.S. economy is still growing, the U.S. stock market is still up a healthy amount for the year and a recession is far from a certainty. The Fed has been clear about the tightrope it began walking when it started hiking rates sharply in March 2022: Being too aggressive would choke the economy, but going too soft would give inflation more oxygen and hurt everyone.
Goldman Sachs economist David Mericle sees a higher chance of a recession within the next 12 months following Fridays jobs report. But he still sees only a 25% probability of that, up from 15%, in part because the data look fine overall and he does not see major financial imbalances.
Some of Wall Streets recent declines may simply be air coming out of a stock market that romped to dozens of all-time highs this year, in part on afrenzy around artificial-intelligencetechnology. Critics have been saying for a while that the stock market looked expensive after prices rose faster than corporate profits.
Markets tend to move higher like theyre climbing stairs, and they go down like theyre falling out a window, according to JJ Kinahan, CEO of IG North America. He chalks much of the recent worries to euphoria around AI subsiding, with pressure rising on companies to show how AI is turning into profits, and a market that was ahead of itself.
The only way for stocks to look less expensive is either for prices to fall or for their profits to strengthen. Expectations are still high for the latter, with growth for S&P 500 profits this past quarter looking to be the strongest since 2021.
Professional investors also pointed to the Bank of Japans move last week toraise its main interest rate from nearly zero. Such a move helps boost the value of the Japanese yen, but it could also force traders to scramble out of deals where they borrowed money for virtually no cost in Japan and invested it elsewhere around the world.
Treasury yields also pared their losses Monday after a report said growth for U.S. services businesses was a touch stronger than expected. Growth was led by arts, entertainment and recreation businesses, along with accommodations and food services, according to the Institute for Supply Management.
Still, stocks of companies whose profits are most closely tied to the economys strength took sharp losses on the fears about a slowdown. The small companies in the Russell 2000 index dropped 3.3%, washing out what had been a revival for it and other beaten-down areas of the market.
Making things worse for Wall Street, Big Tech stocks tumbled as the markets most popular trade for much of this year continued to unravel. Apple, Nvidia and a handful of other Big Tech stocks known as the Magnificent Seven had propelled the S&P 500 to record after record this year, even as high interest rates weighed down much of the rest of the stock market.
But Big Techs momentum turned last month on worries investors had taken their prices too high and expectations for future growth are becoming too difficult to meet. A set of underwhelming profit reports that began with updates fromTeslaandAlphabetadded to the pessimism and accelerated the declines.
Apple fell 4.8% Monday after Warren Buffetts Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it hadslashed its ownership stakein the iPhone maker.
Nvidia, the chip company thats become the poster child of Wall Streets AI bonanza, fell even more, 6.4%. Analysts cut their profit forecasts over the weekend for the company after a report from The Information said Nvidias new AI chip is delayed. The recent selling has trimmed Nvidias gain for the year to nearly 103% from 170% in the middle of June.
Another Big Tech titan, Alphabet, fell 4.4% after a U.S. judge ruled Googles search engine has beenillegally exploiting its dominanceto squash competition and stifle innovation.
All told, the S&P 500 fell 160.23 points to 5,186.33. The Dow sank 1,033.99 to 38,703.27, and the Nasdaq composite tumbled 576.08 to 16,200.08.
Worries outside corporate profits, interest rates and the economy are also weighing on the market. TheIsrael-Hamas warmay be worsening, which beyond its human toll could cause sharp swings for the price of oil. Thats adding to broader worries about potentialhotspotsaround the world, whileupcoming U.S. electionscould further scramble things.
Wall Street has been concerned about how policies coming out of November could impact markets, but the sharp swings for stock prices could affect the election itself.
The threat of a recession is likely to put Vice President Kamala Harris on the defensive. But slower growth could also further reduce inflation and force former President Donald Trump to pivot from his current focus on higher prices to outlining ways to revive the economy.
It comes down to jobs, said Quincy Krosby, chief global strategist for LPL Financial. Jobs drive spending by U.S. consumers, which in turn is the biggest part of the U.S. economy.
When we get to election day, the unemployment rate is going to be extremely important.
AP business writers Elaine Kurtenbach, Matt Ott, Christopher Rugaber and Damian J. Troise contributed.
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